F major has 1 flat — B♭. Here's the signature on the staff, the full scale, its relative minor, and the trick to recognize it instantly.
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F major is the one flat key with no shortcut — the usual 'second-to-last flat' trick needs at least two flats, and F major has only its single B♭. It's the one to commit to memory outright.
The F major scale runs F, G, A, B♭, C, D, E. Every flattened note in the piece takes the key's accidentals automatically, which is exactly what the signature saves you from writing note by note.
F major shares its signature — 1 flat — with its relative minor, D minor, a minor third below the tonic. They use the same seven pitches; what tells them apart is which note the music settles on and treats as home.
F major has 1 flat — B♭.
The relative minor of F major is D minor — it shares the identical key signature (1 flat).
The F major scale is F, G, A, B♭, C, D, E.
Keep practicing: key signature quiz · circle of fifths · key trainer
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