A♭ major has 4 flats — B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭. Here's the signature on the staff, the full scale, its relative minor, and the trick to recognize it instantly.
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In any flat key the second-to-last flat names the key. A♭ major's flats are B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, so the second-to-last, A♭, is the tonic — A♭ major.
The A♭ major scale runs A♭, B♭, C, D♭, E♭, F, G. Every flattened note in the piece takes the key's accidentals automatically, which is exactly what the signature saves you from writing note by note.
A♭ major shares its signature — 4 flats — with its relative minor, F minor, a minor third below the tonic. They use the same seven pitches; what tells them apart is which note the music settles on and treats as home.
A♭ major has 4 flats — B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
The relative minor of A♭ major is F minor — it shares the identical key signature (4 flats).
The A♭ major scale is A♭, B♭, C, D♭, E♭, F, G.
Keep practicing: key signature quiz · circle of fifths · key trainer
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